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Anatomy atlas

House of Ananda · Movement with care

Symptom & stretch finder

Explore calf stretches, gentle options for familiar digestive symptoms, and guidance on when pain or an injury needs assessment. Relief is individual; stretching is not always the right response to pain.

Choose the matching mild-symptom category only when symptoms are familiar and there is no new injury, swelling, nerve symptom or unexplained pain. For severe or rapidly worsening symptoms, seek help rather than searching for a stretch.

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Choose your situation before opening movement guidance

You can browse matching topics below. Movement instructions appear after choosing the matching mild-symptom category. If there was an injury, swelling, radiating pain or you are unsure, use the assessment guidance.

27 matching topics · topic matches, not diagnoses

Labeled posterior and lateral views of superficial and deep neck muscles, including sternocleidomastoid, trapezius and splenius capitis.

Gentle movement option · Neck & shoulders

Mild neck or upper-trapezius tightness

Upper trapezius and other neck muscles

Explore the labelled anatomy ↗

Choose the matching mild-symptom category to see movement guidance. Injury or warning symptoms pause instructions. Skip with dizziness, headache after injury, arm symptoms or a painful restriction. This is gentle seated mobility, not a treatment for a neck strain.

Health information source ↗Illustration: OpenStax · source · CC BY 4.0
Anterior and posterior shoulder-girdle diagrams labeling trapezius, rhomboids, serratus anterior and other muscles that position the scapula.

Gentle movement option · Neck & shoulders

Shoulders stiff after sitting

Shoulder girdle: trapezius, deltoid and surrounding tissues

Explore the labelled anatomy ↗

Choose the matching mild-symptom category to see movement guidance. Injury or warning symptoms pause instructions. Do not stretch through a catching or pinching sensation. Sudden severe shoulder pain or inability to lift the arm needs assessment.

Health information source ↗Illustration: OpenStax · source · CC BY 4.0
Four labeled views of shoulder and upper-trunk muscles that move the humerus, including deltoid, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi and rotator cuff muscles.

Gentle movement option · Chest & upper back

Familiar chest-muscle stiffness

Pectoral muscles across the front of the chest

Explore the labelled anatomy ↗

Choose the matching mild-symptom category to see movement guidance. Injury or warning symptoms pause instructions. Only for familiar muscular stiffness. New or unexplained chest pain, pressure or breathlessness is not a stretching problem.

Health information source ↗Illustration: OpenStax · source · CC BY 4.0
Labeled views of muscles along the neck and vertebral column, including the erector spinae group and deeper spinal muscles.

Gentle movement option · Chest & upper back

Upper-back stiffness without unexplained pain

Thoracic back muscles and shoulder-blade region

Explore the labelled anatomy ↗

Choose the matching mild-symptom category to see movement guidance. Injury or warning symptoms pause instructions. Avoid if this produces shoulder pain, dizziness or radiating symptoms. Unexplained pain between the shoulder blades deserves medical advice.

Health information source ↗Illustration: OpenStax · source · CC BY 4.0
Labeled views of muscles along the neck and vertebral column, including the erector spinae group and deeper spinal muscles.

Gentle movement option · Lower back

Mild, familiar lower-back stiffness

Lumbar spinal muscles and surrounding trunk tissues

Explore the labelled anatomy ↗

Choose the matching mild-symptom category to see movement guidance. Injury or warning symptoms pause instructions. This is a rest position, not a stretch or disc treatment. Stop if leg pain increases. New bladder/bowel changes or numbness around the saddle area need emergency assessment.

Health information source ↗Illustration: OpenStax · source · CC BY 4.0
Labeled anterior and posterior views of the hip and thigh, showing gluteal muscles, quadriceps, hamstrings, adductors and other muscles acting on the hip and knee.

Gentle movement option · Hips & thighs

Front-of-hip tightness after sitting

Iliopsoas and other hip flexors

Explore the labelled anatomy ↗

Choose the matching mild-symptom category to see movement guidance. Injury or warning symptoms pause instructions. Shorten the stance or skip with groin pinching, hip-joint pain, balance difficulty or a recent hip/thigh injury.

Health information source ↗Illustration: OpenStax · source · CC BY 4.0
Labeled anterior and posterior views of the hip and thigh, showing gluteal muscles, quadriceps, hamstrings, adductors and other muscles acting on the hip and knee.

Gentle movement option · Hips & thighs

Tight back-of-thigh muscles

Hamstring group

Explore the labelled anatomy ↗

Choose the matching mild-symptom category to see movement guidance. Injury or warning symptoms pause instructions. Skip for a recent pull or bruising. Burning, electric pain or tingling can involve nerves and should not be stretched through.

Health information source ↗Illustration: OpenStax · source · CC BY 4.0
Labeled anterior and posterior views of the hip and thigh, showing gluteal muscles, quadriceps, hamstrings, adductors and other muscles acting on the hip and knee.

Gentle movement option · Hips & thighs

Inner-thigh tightness

Hip adductor group

Explore the labelled anatomy ↗

Choose the matching mild-symptom category to see movement guidance. Injury or warning symptoms pause instructions. Avoid with a groin pull, knee pain or hip pinching. A higher seat or a chair may be more suitable.

Health information source ↗Illustration: OpenStax · source · CC BY 4.0
Labeled anterior and posterior views of the hip and thigh, showing gluteal muscles, quadriceps, hamstrings, adductors and other muscles acting on the hip and knee.

Gentle movement option · Hips & thighs

Buttock tightness without leg symptoms

Gluteal muscles and deep hip region

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Choose the matching mild-symptom category to see movement guidance. Injury or warning symptoms pause instructions. This option is unloading rather than a piriformis stretch. Shooting leg pain or numbness requires assessment, not a deeper hip stretch.

Health information source ↗Illustration: OpenStax · source · CC BY 4.0
Labeled anterior and posterior views of lower-leg muscles, with superficial and deep posterior muscles including gastrocnemius, soleus and tibialis posterior.

Gentle movement option · Calves & Achilles

Upper-calf tightness · gastrocnemius focus

Gastrocnemius crosses both knee and ankle

Explore the labelled anatomy ↗

Choose the matching mild-symptom category to see movement guidance. Injury or warning symptoms pause instructions. Do not stretch a recently strained calf. One-sided pain with swelling, warmth or colour change needs urgent assessment for possible DVT.

Health information source ↗Illustration: OpenStax · source · CC BY 4.0
Labeled anterior and posterior views of lower-leg muscles, with superficial and deep posterior muscles including gastrocnemius, soleus and tibialis posterior.

Gentle movement option · Calves & Achilles

Lower-calf tightness · soleus focus

Soleus lies beneath gastrocnemius and works across the ankle

Explore the labelled anatomy ↗

Choose the matching mild-symptom category to see movement guidance. Injury or warning symptoms pause instructions. Skip after a calf pull or with Achilles pain. Swelling, warmth or colour change in one painful leg requires urgent assessment.

Health information source ↗Illustration: OpenStax · source · CC BY 4.0
Labeled anterior and posterior views of lower-leg muscles, with superficial and deep posterior muscles including gastrocnemius, soleus and tibialis posterior.

Assessment guide · Calves & Achilles

Recurring brief calf cramps

An involuntary calf-muscle contraction; the cause is not always clear

Explore the labelled anatomy ↗

What to do next

Regular gentle calf stretching between episodes may help reduce cramps. Do not assume a persistently painful or swollen calf is cramp. Seek advice if cramps last more than 10 minutes, disturb sleep, or occur with numbness or swelling. Use the calf options only after an episode has settled and walking feels normal.

Health information source ↗Illustration: OpenStax · source · CC BY 4.0
Labelled human digestive system showing mouth, tongue, salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus, liver, gallbladder, stomach, pancreas, small intestine, large intestine, appendix, rectum, anal canal, and anus. The nearby spleen is also labelled for orientation.

Digestive comfort option · Digestive system

Mild, familiar bloating or trapped wind

Gas and fullness in the digestive tract; this is not a tight skeletal muscle

Explore the labelled anatomy ↗

Choose the matching mild-symptom category to see movement guidance. Injury or warning symptoms pause instructions. This is a comfort option, not a proven gas-removing pose. Get advice for recurrent or persistent bloating. Bloating with pain, vomiting, constipation, fever or inability to pass gas needs urgent advice.

Health information source ↗Illustration: OpenStax · source · CC BY 4.0
Labelled human digestive system showing mouth, tongue, salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus, liver, gallbladder, stomach, pancreas, small intestine, large intestine, appendix, rectum, anal canal, and anus. The nearby spleen is also labelled for orientation.

Digestive comfort option · Digestive system

Familiar mild constipation without pain or bloating

Bowel function depends on gut movement, stool consistency and coordinated emptying

Explore the labelled anatomy ↗

Choose the matching mild-symptom category to see movement guidance. Injury or warning symptoms pause instructions. Walking is a general bowel-health habit, not an immediate cure. Seek advice for new or recurring changes, blood in stool or weight loss. Pain, bloating, vomiting or inability to pass gas needs assessment before exercise.

Health information source ↗Illustration: OpenStax · source · CC BY 4.0
Labelled human digestive system showing mouth, tongue, salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus, liver, gallbladder, stomach, pancreas, small intestine, large intestine, appendix, rectum, anal canal, and anus. The nearby spleen is also labelled for orientation.

Assessment guide · Digestive system

Heartburn, acid reflux or indigestion

Acid can travel from the stomach towards the oesophagus.

Explore the labelled anatomy ↗

What to do next

Stay upright after eating and avoid poses that worsen symptoms, especially deep folds or inversions after meals. Frequent symptoms or difficulty swallowing need medical advice. New chest pain must not be assumed to be reflux.

Health information source ↗Illustration: OpenStax · source · CC BY 4.0
Labelled human digestive system showing mouth, tongue, salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus, liver, gallbladder, stomach, pancreas, small intestine, large intestine, appendix, rectum, anal canal, and anus. The nearby spleen is also labelled for orientation.

Assessment guide · Digestive system

IBS or recurring digestive symptoms

IBS is a clinical diagnosis; bloating or abdominal cramps alone do not establish it.

Explore the labelled anatomy ↗

What to do next

Use an individual care plan. Gentle movement and relaxation may support wellbeing, but a pose cannot diagnose or cure IBS. Get assessed for new symptoms, bleeding, weight loss or a persistent change in bowel habit.

Health information source ↗Illustration: OpenStax · source · CC BY 4.0
Labelled human digestive system showing mouth, tongue, salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus, liver, gallbladder, stomach, pancreas, small intestine, large intestine, appendix, rectum, anal canal, and anus. The nearby spleen is also labelled for orientation.

Assessment guide · Digestive system

Diarrhoea, nausea or vomiting

Digestive illness can cause fluid loss and make exercise inappropriate.

Explore the labelled anatomy ↗

What to do next

Pause yoga while unwell and prioritise fluids and appropriate advice. Seek prompt help for dehydration, persistent vomiting, blood or severe pain. Do not use twists or abdominal exercises to try to clear an infection.

Health information source ↗Illustration: OpenStax · source · CC BY 4.0
Labelled human digestive system showing mouth, tongue, salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus, liver, gallbladder, stomach, pancreas, small intestine, large intestine, appendix, rectum, anal canal, and anus. The nearby spleen is also labelled for orientation.

Assessment guide · Digestive system

Unexplained abdominal pain

Abdominal pain can come from many organs and should not be treated as a muscle to stretch.

Explore the labelled anatomy ↗

What to do next

Seek urgent advice for worsening or persistent pain. Sudden severe pain, vomiting blood, black tarry stool, collapse or inability to pass stool or gas with pain needs emergency assessment.

Health information source ↗Illustration: OpenStax · source · CC BY 4.0
Labeled dorsal and plantar views of the muscles within the foot, with multiple plantar layers shown.

Gentle movement option · Lower legs & feet

Ankles or feet stiff after rest

Lower-leg muscles and intrinsic foot muscles

Explore the labelled anatomy ↗

Choose the matching mild-symptom category to see movement guidance. Injury or warning symptoms pause instructions. Avoid with a new ankle sprain, swelling, sudden Achilles pain or inability to bear weight.

Health information source ↗Illustration: OpenStax · source · CC BY 4.0
Labeled anterior and posterior views of upper-arm and forearm muscles, including elbow flexors and extensors and muscles acting on the wrist and fingers.

Gentle movement option · Arms & hands

Forearm or wrist stiffness after desk work

Forearm flexors and extensors

Explore the labelled anatomy ↗

Choose the matching mild-symptom category to see movement guidance. Injury or warning symptoms pause instructions. Stop for numbness, tingling, swelling or pain. Avoid Plank and Downward Dog while weight-bearing through the wrist hurts.

Health information source ↗Illustration: OpenStax · source · CC BY 4.0
Labeled anterior and posterior views of the human body showing major superficial muscles and selected deeper muscles.

Assessment guide · Any region

Recent muscle pull or tear

A muscle strain can involve overstretched or torn fibres. A sprain affects a ligament. Symptoms alone cannot establish the diagnosis.

Explore the labelled anatomy ↗

What to do next

Protect the area from painful loading and seek advice if pain, swelling or difficulty using it is significant. Do not use a deep yoga stretch as immediate injury treatment.

Health information source ↗Illustration: OpenStax · source · CC BY 4.0
Anterior and posterior shoulder-girdle diagrams labeling trapezius, rhomboids, serratus anterior and other muscles that position the scapula.

Assessment guide · Neck & shoulders

Painful shoulder or suspected tendon injury

Pain when lifting the arm can have several causes, including tendon or joint problems.

Explore the labelled anatomy ↗

What to do next

A tailored rehabilitation plan may include progressive strengthening; a generic stretch is not a substitute. Seek urgent advice for sudden severe pain or inability to move the arm.

Health information source ↗Illustration: OpenStax · source · CC BY 4.0
Labeled anterior and posterior views of the human body showing major superficial muscles and selected deeper muscles.

Assessment guide · Arms & hands

Elbow pain or a suspected overuse injury

Elbow pain can involve tendons, joints or nerves, and is not always a muscle strain.

Explore the labelled anatomy ↗

What to do next

Reduce activities that provoke symptoms. Avoid painful weight-bearing poses and forceful wrist stretches. Arrange assessment for persistent pain; significant weakness or a new injury needs prompt advice.

Health information source ↗Illustration: OpenStax · source · CC BY 4.0
Labeled anatomical views of the knee showing bones, cartilage, menisci and major supporting ligaments.

Assessment guide · Knees

Knee pain, swelling or instability

Knee symptoms do not reliably identify a particular muscle injury.

Explore the labelled anatomy ↗

What to do next

Avoid deep kneeling, Lotus and forceful folds while painful. Get urgent advice if the knee locks, gives way, is badly swollen or cannot bear weight.

Health information source ↗Illustration: OpenStax · source · CC BY 4.0
Labeled anterior and posterior views of the human body showing major superficial muscles and selected deeper muscles.

Assessment guide · Calves & Achilles

Achilles or heel pain

Heel or tendon pain needs a different approach from general calf tightness.

Explore the labelled anatomy ↗

What to do next

Avoid forcing the heel down or using a deep calf stretch as a default treatment. Sudden pain with a snap or difficulty walking needs urgent assessment.

Health information source ↗Illustration: OpenStax · source · CC BY 4.0
Labeled anterior and posterior views of the human body showing major superficial muscles and selected deeper muscles.

Assessment guide · Calves & Achilles

One-sided calf pain with swelling

A painful swollen leg can signal a blood clot and should not be treated as a muscle knot.

Explore the labelled anatomy ↗

What to do next

Seek urgent medical advice now. If there is also chest pain or breathlessness, call emergency services. Do not massage or stretch the leg.

Health information source ↗Illustration: OpenStax · source · CC BY 4.0

Looking for general Pilates practice?

Explore exercises by body area, experience, position and movement goal. If you are searching because of injury or unexplained pain, complete the assessment guidance above before choosing a practice.

Open the Pilates exercise finder →

Before you practise

For a recent muscle pull, protect the area from painful loading. Return to movement progressively as symptoms allow, with professional advice when needed. Tendon and ligament problems may require strengthening and load management rather than more flexibility.

Stop for sharp or increasing pain, tingling, numbness, weakness, dizziness or feeling unwell. Seek urgent advice for significant swelling, inability to use the limb or symptoms that worsen quickly. One-sided calf pain with swelling needs urgent assessment; with chest pain or breathlessness, seek emergency help.

Choose individual guidance for pregnancy, recent surgery, joint replacement, osteoporosis, or a diagnosed condition affecting movement. This searcher does not clear someone to exercise and does not replace a clinical assessment.

What the evidence means

Research on complete yoga programmes suggests benefits for some persistent pain conditions. It does not prove that a particular pose heals a strained muscle. The movement examples here are educational adaptations, not clinician-prescribed rehabilitation plans.

NCCIH: yoga evidence and safety ↗ · NHS: sprains and strains ↗

Sources checked 12 September 2026 · Independent clinical review pending.

Illustrations: OpenStax, adapted in size and format only. Access the anatomy textbook for free ↗